Gum Disease - Symptoms and Prevention
Periodontal disease is an inflammation of the gingivae (the gum tissue) that results in periodontal pockets that support growth of bacteria. Symptoms and signs of periodontal disease can include: bright red, purple or yellow gums. Bright red, swollen or yellow gums. Feeling of tightness, heaviness or pressure when touched. Bright red, swollen or yellow gums. Gum that feels firm or sore when touched.
Gums are made up of connective tissue and are surrounded by a thin layer of the same tissue, called the periodontal tissue. In periodontitis, the periodontal tissue becomes inflamed and thickened. This thickened tissue supports the growth of bacteria that break down proteins found in plaque (gum), one of the components of tooth decay. These bacteria cause cavities, abscesses and periodontal pockets to form. Bacteria are also responsible for the breakdown of other tissues in the mouth such as bone and connective tissue.
Most people at risk for gum disease are those with a family history of gingivitis or periodontitis. Although gum disease can affect anyone, people with a family history of it are more likely to develop periodontitis later in life. There is not a simple genetic link between periodontitis and gingivitis; however, genetics do play an important role in both conditions. Risk factors for gingivitis include smoking, diabetes, uncontrolled hypertension, uncontrolled diabetes, uncontrolled diuretics use and unhealthy weight management. For periodontitis, factors that have been associated with increased risk include poor oral hygiene, prior dental issues, periodontal disease on the exposed side of the mouth and obesity.
Periodontitis begins with gingivitis. Symptoms include scaling, which are the visible formation of plaque on the surface of the teeth and gums, tenderness and soreness of the gums, loosening and swelling of the gums and bleeding during brushing, tooth extraction and loss of teeth. If you've had problems with your teeth or gums in the past, you may want to consult your dentist about a regular dental checkup. Dental work should be done routinely to prevent cavities and plaque buildup. You may want to consider flossing and brushing your teeth regularly to avoid periodontitis. Your dentist will be able to give you a thorough cleaning and examination.
Flossing with regular toothbrushes containing fluoride is often enough to keep plaque from building up and infecting your teeth. However, brushing is necessary to remove the bacteria and other debris that can build up between teeth and plaque. Brushing removes the excess food that remains after you floss. This sticky, fibrous material serves as a food source for the bacteria that causes plaque.
If you have had symptoms like swollen gums or bleeding gums, visit your dentist. He or she can take a swab of the gum tissue and test it for inflammation or other problems. If gingivitis is the problem, your dentist may recommend an oral rinse to get rid of the bacteria. Treatment usually involves reducing the food that you eat, using special mouthwash, and taking medicines to treat the symptoms. Regular dental hygiene, including regular checkups, can help to prevent gum disease and help you get back your smile.
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