Gum Disease - What to Look For & How to Treat It
Periodontal gum disease occurs when the gums swell because of not enough plaque to be removed. This process often involves repeated procedures. One such treatment, called scaling, involves removing the excess plaque with surgical tools called scaling agents. This process is done in two stages. In the first stage, the gums are simply reduced in size so they do not swell anymore.
In the second stage, the tissues and bones are realigned and reinstalled to correct the alignment of the gums. This process includes realigning the gums, removing any bone or gum tissue that was removed during the initial stage of treatment, and rebuilding any of the periodontal pockets (soft tissue that exists between the teeth, supporting the teeth). Scaling can cause swelling and tenderness of the gums, but in most cases the pain is minimal. After scaling the gums, the area will be rinsed with a mild antiseptic.
Regular checkups are important to prevent this disease from reoccurring. At your regular checkup, the dentist will examine your gum tissue and your teeth. He may take X-rays as well to look for bone deterioration or pocket depths that could be indicators of periodontitis. If your gums begin to change in color, this could be a sign that you have gum disease as well. Brushing and flossing will often help reduce the risk of getting gum disease.
Gum disease often occurs in people who suffer from certain diseases, such as diabetes and poor oral hygiene. Gum disease has also been associated with certain medications. Some medications, including diuretics, anticoagulants, and antihistamines, can cause dry mouth. Other medications, such as corticosteroids, antibiotics, estrogen therapy, and some oral contraceptives, can contribute to the risk of developing gingivitis. In these cases, you will need to take additional measures to correct the underlying medical condition, in addition to treating the gum disease.
Not all symptoms will be apparent in all patients. Pain and tenderness in the jaw and occasionally in the ear are fairly common signs of gum problems, but they may also indicate bone issues, such as osteonecrosis or osteoporosis. Changes in the appearance of gums as they become thinner and more lined, as well as darkening and sagging, can be an indication of bone loss in the jaw. If you suffer from any of these symptoms and have lost bone density along with the gum lines, you should consult your dental hygienist or periodontist immediately to discuss the appropriate treatment options for your specific case.
Proper oral hygiene and regular checkups for periodontists will help prevent the onset of gum disease. Treatments can include scaling and root planing. If gingivitis is left untreated, it can progress to periodontitis, which requires a different type of surgical procedure and can cause significant damage to the heart and lungs. For this reason, it's always a good idea to have your teeth and oral health inspected by a periodontist at least every six months.
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