Periodontal Disease - Why it is Always Painless
Gingivitis (aka 'the little brush) is the inflammation of gums that is caused by plaque. Plaque is composed primarily of bacteria and small particles of food that have not been properly digested. Bacteria grow and irritate the gums resulting in inflammation and redness, bleeding, and pocketsing of the tissue that support the teeth. Without treatment, periodontal disease (or periodontitis) can destroy the underlying bone and tissue that support the teeth.
Periodontal disease is quite common but unfortunately still largely unrecognized. It is usually the result of bad oral hygiene. Good oral hygiene, or hygiene that actually prevents gum disease is not very difficult to achieve. A daily routine of brushing and flossing your teeth will help prevent the onset of gingivitis. However, it is also important for people who already have gingivitis to practice good oral hygiene so that they do not develop new gum disease.
Gum disease occurs when bacteria travel through the bloodstream to the affected area. These bacteria then produce plaque. This plaque hardens into a sticky film that eventually blocks the flow of saliva and leads to gum irritation and later, infection. If you are prone to developing gingivitis, the bacteria will continue traveling to your mouth and eventually to your stomach and blood. This increases the risk of developing stomach cancer, heart disease, and stroke.
As mentioned earlier, periodontitis is the most common form of gum inflammation. However, it can also be the result of other systemic diseases such as HIV or diabetes; AIDS or lymphoma; or even a poor immune system. People with HIV or diabetes are at a much higher risk for developing periodontitis because they produce more cytokines, which cause an increased inflammation of gums. Similarly, individuals with weak immune systems are also prone to developing periodontitis because the infection makes their immune system less effective at fighting infection.
Periodontal disease can progress to gingivitis is left untreated. The early symptoms of periodontitis are typically moderate swelling and redness in the gums. If the infection is not treated right away, the condition gradually progresses to include pockets and bone loss. If the pockets are not removed, they will eventually push the bones out of reach of saliva and lead to infection. Without treatment, the infection will then progress to periodontitis, which is the root stage of gingivitis.
Periodontal disease can be painful but usually does not require any treatment. Occasionally, however, inflammation can cause inflammation around the gum line, and this is when the pockets around the teeth begin to develop. These pockets, filled with bacteria, are where bad breath comes from. The presence of bacteria provides food for the bacteria that produce the foul smell. Treatment for periodontal disease involves not only removing the pockets around the teeth, but also removing the bacteria from the gums.
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